These early settlers were geographically isolated by large impassible mountain ranges surrounding the region, and it has only been in the last decade that travel to and from the area has been frequent and tourism has escalated. Costa Rica is a Central American nation initially occupied by a small group of Spanish settlers who immigrated during the 1500–1800s ( Melendez, 1982 Escamilla et al., 1996). One such relatively isolated population has been identified in the Central Valley of Costa Rica surrounding the city of San Jose. Several studies designed to investigate the genetic etiology of complex hereditary illnesses such as schizophrenia have examined homogeneous populations with high prevalence of these diagnoses ( Egeland and Hostetter, 1983 Myles-Worsley et al., 1999 DeLisi et al., 2001 Escamilla, 2001 DeLisi et al., 2002 Wijsman, et al., 2003 Peltonen, et al., 2006).
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